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簡單的說，電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩是指其轉(zhuǎn)動力量的大小，是電機(jī)拖動負(fù)載能力的具體表現(xiàn)。在電機(jī)產(chǎn)品的性能參數(shù)中，以額定轉(zhuǎn)矩、轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)矩表征其不同狀態(tài)下的性能指標(biāo)。
轉(zhuǎn)矩是電機(jī)起動性能的特性，額定轉(zhuǎn)矩是電機(jī)額定運(yùn)行條件下對應(yīng)的力能指標(biāo)，而轉(zhuǎn)矩則反映電機(jī)的過載能力；不同的產(chǎn)品特性和使用工況對轉(zhuǎn)矩的要求不同。
對照同中心高、同功率但不同極數(shù)的電機(jī)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，多極低轉(zhuǎn)速電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩較大，在電機(jī)的短路試驗(yàn)中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，較小規(guī)格的少極電機(jī)，制動相對容易，而多極的低轉(zhuǎn)速電機(jī)制動就比較困難。從電機(jī)的外觀特征比較，除特別小或特別大的規(guī)格電機(jī)外，同樣中心高同功率的電機(jī)，低速電機(jī)的軸伸直徑比較大，因?yàn)槠溥\(yùn)行中承載的負(fù)載要比較大，這也是針對于電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩特性的尺寸保證要求。
從電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩的計算公式（T=9550 P / n ）可以看出，當(dāng)電機(jī)功率相同時，低速電機(jī)對應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)矩較大。
電機(jī)軸伸是傳動的關(guān)鍵零部件，除電機(jī)與設(shè)備的對接尺寸控制外，電機(jī)軸伸的直徑大小、軸的材質(zhì)，以及具體的加工控制要求，都直接影響著電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩能力體現(xiàn)，是一種機(jī)械能力表現(xiàn)。
當(dāng)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩超過其可以承當(dāng)?shù)姆秶鷷r，即電機(jī)發(fā)生過載，電機(jī)的電流會因?yàn)檫^載出現(xiàn)大幅增加，導(dǎo)致繞組發(fā)生過熱燒毀問題；即使電機(jī)繞組能滿足過載要求，就電機(jī)的軸而言，過載意味阻力矩大，作用在軸上力矩太大時，會對軸伸造成直接的傷害，特別是對于軸伸加工不太規(guī)范的情況，容易發(fā)生電機(jī)軸伸撓曲或斷裂的質(zhì)量事故。
Simply put, motor torque refers to the magnitude of its rotational force, which is a specific manifestation of the motor's ability to drag loads. In the performance parameters of motor products, the performance indicators under different states are characterized by rated torque, minimum torque, and maximum torque.
The minimum torque is a characteristic of motor starting performance, the rated torque is the corresponding force energy index under the rated operating conditions of the motor, and the maximum torque reflects the overload capacity of the motor; Different product characteristics and usage conditions have different requirements for torque.
By comparing motors with the same center and high power but different pole numbers, it can be found that multi pole low speed motors have higher torque. In the short circuit test of the motor, it can be found that small pole motors with smaller specifications are relatively easy to brake, while multi pole low speed motors are more difficult to brake. From the comparison of the appearance characteristics of the motor, except for motors with particularly small or large specifications, motors with the same center height and power have a larger shaft extension diameter for low-speed motors because they carry a larger load during operation, which is also a size guarantee requirement for motor torque characteristics.
From the calculation formula of motor torque (T=9550 P/n), it can be seen that when the motor power is the same, the torque corresponding to the low-speed motor is larger.
Motor shaft extension is a key component of transmission. In addition to controlling the docking size between the motor and equipment, the diameter of the motor shaft extension, the material of the shaft, and specific processing control requirements all directly affect the torque capability of the motor, which is a manifestation of mechanical capability.
When the torque of the motor exceeds its acceptable range, that is, the motor is overloaded, and the current of the motor will increase significantly due to the overload, causing the winding to overheat and burn out; Even if the motor winding can meet the overload requirements, for the motor shaft, overload means a large resistance torque. When the torque acting on the shaft is too large, it can cause direct damage to the shaft extension, especially for non-standard shaft extension processing, which can easily lead to quality accidents such as motor shaft bending or fracture.
