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溫升是電機(jī)產(chǎn)品非常重要的性能指標(biāo)，而決定電機(jī)溫升水平的則是電機(jī)各部位的溫度，以及所處的環(huán)境條件。
從測量的角度分析，定子部分的溫度測量相對直接，而轉(zhuǎn)子部分則傾向于間接測量。但無論如何檢測，兩者溫度的相對定性關(guān)系不會(huì)有太大改變。
從電機(jī)工作的原理分析，電機(jī)的發(fā)熱點(diǎn)基本為3個(gè)，即定子繞組、轉(zhuǎn)子導(dǎo)體和軸承系統(tǒng)，如果是繞線式轉(zhuǎn)子，還有集電環(huán)或碳刷部分。
從熱量傳遞的層面分析，各個(gè)發(fā)熱點(diǎn)溫度的高低不同，必然會(huì)通過熱量的傳導(dǎo)和輻射，終達(dá)成各個(gè)部位相對意義上的溫度平衡，即每個(gè)零部件都表現(xiàn)為溫度的相對恒定。
對于電機(jī)的定子和轉(zhuǎn)子部分，定子的熱量可以通過殼體直接向外散發(fā)，如果轉(zhuǎn)子溫度相對較低，也能有效吸收定子部分的熱量。因而，定子部分與轉(zhuǎn)子部分的溫度高低，可能需要從兩者自身熱量的大小進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)。
當(dāng)電機(jī)定子部分發(fā)熱嚴(yán)重，而轉(zhuǎn)子本體發(fā)熱較少時(shí)（如，永磁電機(jī)），定子熱量一方面是向周圍環(huán)境散發(fā)，也有一部分是向內(nèi)腔內(nèi)的其他零部件傳遞，大概率情況下，轉(zhuǎn)子的溫度不會(huì)高于定子部分；而當(dāng)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子部分發(fā)熱嚴(yán)重時(shí)，從兩個(gè)零部件的物理分布分析，轉(zhuǎn)子發(fā)出的熱都必須源源不斷地通過定子及其他零部件散發(fā)，再加上定子本體也是一個(gè)發(fā)熱體，且作為轉(zhuǎn)子熱量的主要散熱鏈件，定子部分接收熱量的同時(shí)通過機(jī)殼也在散熱，轉(zhuǎn)子溫度高于定子溫度的傾向性更大一些。
還有一種極限情況，當(dāng)定子和轉(zhuǎn)子都發(fā)熱嚴(yán)重時(shí)，定子或轉(zhuǎn)子都可能無法耐受高溫的侵蝕，從而出現(xiàn)繞組絕緣老化或轉(zhuǎn)子導(dǎo)體變形或液化的惡劣后果，如果是鑄鋁轉(zhuǎn)子，特別是鑄鋁工藝不佳的情況，會(huì)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)子局部發(fā)藍(lán)或整體發(fā)藍(lán)甚至流鋁的不良表象。
Temperature rise is a very important performance indicator for motor products, and the temperature of each part of the motor and the environmental conditions it is located in determine the level of temperature rise.
From a measurement perspective, the temperature measurement of the stator part is relatively direct, while the rotor part tends to be measured indirectly. However, regardless of the detection, the relative qualitative relationship between the two temperatures will not change much.
From the analysis of the working principle of the motor, there are basically three hotspots of the motor, namely the stator winding, rotor conductor, and bearing system. If it is a wound rotor, there is also a collector ring or carbon brush part.
From the perspective of heat transfer, the temperature of each heat source varies, and it is inevitable that through the conduction and radiation of heat, the relative temperature balance of each part will be achieved, that is, each component will exhibit a relatively constant temperature.
For the stator and rotor parts of the motor, the heat from the stator can be directly dissipated outward through the casing. If the rotor temperature is relatively low, it can also effectively absorb the heat from the stator part. Therefore, the temperature of the stator and rotor parts may need to be comprehensively evaluated based on the magnitude of their own heat.
When the stator part of the motor heats severely while the rotor body heats less (such as permanent magnet motors), the stator heat is not only dissipated to the surrounding environment, but also transferred to other components in the inner cavity. It is highly likely that the temperature of the rotor will not be higher than that of the stator part; When the rotor part of the motor generates severe heat, based on the physical distribution analysis of the two components, the heat emitted by the rotor must be continuously dissipated through the stator and other components. In addition, the stator body is also a heating element, and as the main heat dissipation chain component of the rotor, the stator part receives heat while also dissipating it through the casing. The tendency for the rotor temperature to be higher than the stator temperature is greater.
There is also a limit situation where when both the stator and rotor generate severe heat, both may not be able to withstand the erosion of high temperatures, resulting in adverse consequences such as insulation aging of the winding or deformation or liquefaction of the rotor conductor. If the casting aluminum rotor is used, especially in cases of poor casting aluminum technology, there may be localized or overall blueing of the rotor, or even aluminum flow.
